This reagent is useful for classifying compounds known to contain halogen. Add 1 drop or a couple of crystals of the unknown to 2 mL of the 2% ethanolic silver nitrate solution. If no reaction is observed after 5 min standing at room temperature, heat the solution to boiling and note if a precipitate is formed. If there is a precipitate, note its color. Add 2 drops of 5% nitric acid, and note if the precipitate dissolves. Silver halides are insoluble in dilute nitric acid; silver salts of organic acids are soluble.
alkyl halide - Production of solid silver halide salt is a positive test.
acyl halide - Production of solid silver carboxylate salt is a positive test. This solid should redissolve in dilute nitric acid.
carboxylic acid - Production of solid silver carboxylate salt is a positive test. This solid should redissolve in dilute nitric acid.
sulfonyl chloride - Production of solid silver sulfonate salt is a positive test. This solid should redissolve in dilute nitric acid.
The time and temperature required to form the solid salt can vary widely.
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