In a small flask, place 0.2 mL of aniline, 1 mL of water, and 0.2 mL or 0.2 g of the unknown. To this solution add in portions, with vigorous shaking, 10 mL of 20% sodium hydroxide solution. Shake the solution in a stoppered flask for several minutes, and then test the solution with litmus paper to make sure that it is still alkaline.
Formation of a solid is a positive test.
Anhydrides and acyl halides produce anilides which precipitate.
Moisture present in the unknown will give a negative test.
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